Last Updated on July 29, 2021 by Stacy Sampson, DO
Cytomegalovirus STI/STD Brief
These briefs are intended to give readers (specifically those who weren’t aware many of these STIs/STDs existed) an overview of each STI, their commonality, treatment options, and diagnostic tests available.
This information is by no means all-encompassing and The STI Project encourages using these briefs as primers and then further delving into the resources section when subsequent questions arise.
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Cytomegalovirus Symptoms, Test & Treatment
Common? Quite common – 4 out of every 10 Americans contract CMV by the time they reach puberty – Around 1 to 3 million people contract it in the U.S. annually
Symptoms Usually none! Sometimes swollen glands, fatigue, fever, irritation of the digestive tract, nausea, diarrhea, and jaundice. Rarely, blindness and mental disorders.
Cure? No cure – managed with medicine
Bacterial/Viral/ Fungal/Parasitic Viral
Test Blood test
Life-Long? Yes
Life-Threatening? No, but it can be very dangerous for people with weakened immune systems. Cytomegalovirus can also be passed from a pregnant person to their unborn baby. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection passed from a pregnant person to their baby can cause long-term problems, including growth disturbances, vision or hearing loss, or mental disability.
- How to Not Give an Eff about Having an STI
- About STIs/STDs – Your Ultimate Reference Guide
- Cytomegalovirus In-Depth
- Detailed Cytomegalovirus Symptoms
- Think You Might Have an STI/STD?
- Looking for more information about cytomegalovirus?
- Looking for STI testing centers, cytomegalovirus treatment, STI hotlines, or STI blogs and forums?
- Would you like to read stories about people living with an STI/STD?
References
- Symptoms
- De La Torre-Almaráz, R., V. Pallas, and JESUS ANGEL Sánchez-Navarro. “First report of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and CARNA-5 in carnation in Mexico.” Plant Disease 100.7 (2016): 1509-1509.
- Wong, Yu Jun, et al. “Cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis: an uncommon complication of CMV reactivation in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.” Singapore medical journal 59.2 (2018): 112.
- Mizukawa, Y., et al. “Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms severity score: A useful tool for assessing disease severity and predicting fatal cytomegalovirus disease.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 80.3 (2019): 670-678.
- Marin, Lauro Juliano, et al. “Prevalence and clinical aspects of CMV congenital Infection in a low-income population.” Virology journal 13.1 (2016): 148.
- Liu, Yingna, et al. “Diagnostic utility of ocular symptoms and vision for cytomegalovirus retinitis.” PloS one 11.10 (2016): e0165564.
- Testing
- Bergevin, Anna, et al. “Cost–benefit analysis of targeted hearing directed early testing for congenital cytomegalovirus infection.” International Journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 79.12 (2015): 2090-2093.
- Boeckh, Michael, et al. “Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA quantitation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with CMV pneumonia.” The Journal of infectious diseases 215.10 (2017): 1514-1522.
- Lee, Edward R., and Dylan K. Chan. “Implications of dried blood spot testing for congenital CMV on management of children with hearing loss: A preliminary report.” International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 119 (2019): 10-14.
- Johnson, Jessica, et al. “CMV Disease in IBD: comparison of diagnostic tests and correlation with disease outcome.” Inflammatory bowel diseases 24.7 (2018): 1539-1546.
- Reitter, A., et al. “Incidence of CMV co-infection in HIV-positive women and their neonates in a tertiary referral centre: a cohort study.” Medical microbiology and immunology 205.1 (2016): 63-71.
- Treatment
- Goodman, A. L., et al. “CMV in the gut: a critical review of CMV detection in the immunocompetent host with colitis.” European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 34.1 (2015): 13-18.
- Schulz, Uwe, et al. “CMV immunoglobulins for the treatment of CMV infections in thoracic transplant recipients.” Transplantation 100.Suppl 3 (2016): S5.
- Maffini, Enrico, et al. “Treatment of CMV infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.” Expert review of hematology 9.6 (2016): 585-596.
- Maertens, Johan, et al. “Maribavir versus Valganciclovir for preemptive treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia: a randomized, dose-ranging, phase 2 study among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases. Vol. 3. No. suppl_1. Oxford University Press, 2016.
- Smith, Davey M., et al. “Asymptomatic CMV replication during early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with lower CD4/CD8 ratio during HIV treatment.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 63.11 (2016): 1517-1524.
- Prevention
- Rawlinson, William D., et al. “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate: consensus recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 17.6 (2017): e177-e188.
- Revello, Maria Grazia, et al. “Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy.” EBioMedicine 2.9 (2015): 1205-1210.
- Fernández‐Ruiz, Mario, et al. “Cytomegalovirus prevention strategies in seropositive kidney transplant recipients: an insight into current clinical practice.” Transplant International 28.9 (2015): 1042-1054.
- Naing, Zin W., et al. “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: a review of prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and prevention.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 56.1 (2016): 9-18.
- Boeckh, Michael, et al. “Valganciclovir for the prevention of complications of late cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a randomized trial.” Annals of internal medicine 162.1 (2015): 1-10.
- Transmission
- AABB, Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee, et al. “AABB Committee Report: reducing transfusion‐transmitted cytomegalovirus infections.” Transfusion 56.6pt2 (2016): 1581-1587.
- Hamprecht, Klaus, and Rangmar Goelz. “Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection through human milk in preterm infants: Transmission, clinical presentation, and prevention.” Clinics in perinatology 44.1 (2017): 121-130.
- Kagan, Karl Oliver, et al. “Prevention of maternal-fetal transmission of CMV by hyperimmunoglobulin (HIG) administered after a primary maternal CMV infection in early gestation.” Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 78.10 (2018): FV43.
- Rawlinson, William D., et al. “Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate: consensus recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 17.6 (2017): e177-e188.
- Schleiss, Mark R. “Preventing congenital cytomegalovirus infection: protection to a ‘T’.” Trends in microbiology 24.3 (2016): 170-172.
