Last Updated on July 29, 2021 by Stacy Sampson, DO
Chlamydia STI/STD Brief
These briefs are intended to give readers (specifically those who weren’t aware many of these STIs/STDs existed) an overview of each STI and their commonality, traditional chlamydia symptoms, treatment options, and diagnostic tests available.
This information is by no means all-encompassing and The STI Project encourages using these briefs as primers and then further delving into the resources section when subsequent questions arise.
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Chlamydia Symptoms, Test & Treatment
Common? Very common – Around 3 million people contract it in the U.S. annually
Symptoms Usually none! Sometimes abdominal pain, abnormal discharge, fever, bleeding between periods, swollen or tender testicles, swelling around the anus, pain or burning while urinating, etc. Can infect the eyes and throat as well.
Cure? Antibiotics
Bacterial/Viral/ Fungal/Parasitic Bacterial
Test Cell samples or urine test
Life-Long? No
Life-Threatening? No, but left untreated, it can become a serious threat – leading to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and sterility, epididymitis, and reactive arthritis
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- Would you like to read stories about people living with an STI/STD?
References
- Symptoms
- Honkila, Minna, et al. “Symptoms, signs and long-term prognosis of vertically transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections.” The Pediatric infectious disease journal9 (2018): 930-933.
- Musil, Kate, et al. “Rectal chlamydia infection in women at high risk of chlamydia attending Canberra Sexual Health Centre.” International journal of STD & AIDS7 (2016): 526-530.
- Veličko, Inga, et al. “Sexual and testing behaviour associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a cohort study in an STI clinic in Sweden.” BMJ open8 (2016): e011312.
- Short, Renna, et al. “Prevalence of gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men by anatomic site and presence or absence of symptoms.” Open forum infectious diseases. Vol. 2. No. suppl_1. Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015.
- Andersson, Nirina, Jens Boman, and Elisabet Nylander. “Rectal chlamydia–should screening be recommended in women?.” International journal of STD & AIDS 28.5 (2017): 476-479.
- Testing
- Davies, Bethan, et al. “Risk of reproductive complications following chlamydia testing: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Denmark.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases9 (2016): 1057-1064.
- Naimer, Michelle S., et al. “The effect of changes in cervical cancer screening guidelines on chlamydia testing.” The Annals of Family Medicine4 (2017): 329-334.
- Price, Malcolm J., Paddy J. Horner, and A. E. Ades. “Risk of reproductive complications following chlamydia testing.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases11 (2016): 1223-1224.
- Sharman, Natasha, et al. “Chlamydia testing: reaching high-risk sexually active young people in the community.” (2016): 78-79.
- Woodhall, Sarah C., et al. “Is chlamydia screening and testing in Britain reaching young adults at risk of infection? Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3).” Sex Transm Infect3 (2016): 218-227.
- Treatment
- Foster, Rosalind, et al. “Does living outside of a major city impact on the timeliness of chlamydia treatment? A multicenter cross-sectional analysis.” Sexually transmitted diseases8 (2016): 506-512.
- Yoon, Jungwon, et al. “Does Nonmetropolitan Residence Impact Timely Chlamydia Treatment in Massachusetts?.” Sexually transmitted diseases 45.8 (2018): e52-e56.
- Wood, Helen, et al. “Barriers and facilitators of partner treatment of chlamydia: A qualitative investigation with prescribers and community pharmacists.” Pharmacy1 (2018): 17.
- Eaton, Susan Elizabeth. Integrating novel digital technology for the testing & treatment of chlamydia into mainstream sexual health services in England. Diss. University of Warwick, 2017.
- World Health Organization. “WHO guidelines for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis.” (2016).
- Prevention
- Yu, Hong, et al. “Subunit vaccines for the prevention of mucosal infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.” Expert review of vaccines8 (2016): 977-988.
- Estcourt, Claudia S., et al. “The eSexual Health Clinic system for management, prevention, and control of sexually transmitted infections: exploratory studies in people testing for Chlamydia trachomatis.” The lancet Public health4 (2017): e182-e190.
- Di Pietro, Marisa, et al. “Chlamydia pneumoniae and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease: state of the art and prevention strategies.” International journal of molecular sciences1 (2015): 724-735.
- Naimer, Michelle S., et al. “The effect of changes in cervical cancer screening guidelines on chlamydia testing.” The Annals of Family Medicine4 (2017): 329-334.
- Jerlström, Charlotta, and Annsofie Adolfsson. “Prevention of Chlamydia Infections With Theater in School Sex Education.” The Journal of School Nursing (2018): 1059840518811912.
- Transmission
- Rönn, Minttu M., et al. “The use of mathematical models of chlamydia transmission to address public health policy questions: a systematic review.” Sexually transmitted diseases5 (2017): 278-283.
- van Wees, Daphne A., et al. “Double trouble: modelling the impact of low risk perception and high-risk sexual behaviour on chlamydia transmission.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface141 (2018): 20170847.
- Enns, Eva Andrea, et al. “Using Multiple Outcomes of Sexual Behavior to Provide Insights Into Chlamydia Transmission and the Effectiveness of Prevention Interventions in Adolescents.” Sexually transmitted diseases10 (2017): 619-626.
- Rönn, Minttu M., et al. “The Impact of Screening and Partner Notification on Chlamydia in the United States, 2000 to 2015: Evaluation of Epidemiological Trends Using a Pair-Formation Transmission Model.” (2019).
- Den Daas, C., Kretzschmar Me, and J. C. Heijne. “P3. 230 Double trouble: the impact of low risk perception and high risk sexual behaviour on chlamydia transmission.” (2017): A179-A179.
